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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-220302

ABSTRACT

Background: The clinical features and epidemiological data about patients with phebolymphedema or lymphedema related to Chronic Venous Disease in Mexico is limited and has been understudied; at the same time, the relationships between its clinical features, physical activity level and disability remained unknown. Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study based on the analysis of clinical data of 90 patients gathered between 2021 and 2022. The statistical analysis was carried out using the software SPSS version 25 and GrandhPad Prism 8; a descriptive analysis was developed using measures of central tendency for the variables of a quantitative nature and frequency distribution for those categorical variables. The behavior of the variables was revealed through the Shapiro-Wilk statistic. The mean difference analysis was carried out with the Student’s T for independent samples. To identify the effect of gender, age, and severity of the disease on the study variables, a three-way analysis of variance was obtained with a Sidak comparison analysis. For the associations between qualitative and dichotomous nature variables, the Chi-Square statistic was obtained along with the odds ratio to determine the intensity of the relationships found. Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the analysis; 71% (64) were female and 29% (26) were male; with a mean age of 62.7 years old (± 30.5). A mean BMI of 33.2, 79.9% (77) of patients reached overweight and obesity ranges. 50% (45) of patients reported disability to perform one or more daily life activities related to the disease’s condition (signs, symptoms, volume). Only 12% (10) of all patients performed at or above the minimum physical activity recommended for their population group, and 88% (80) of patients had no physical activity or performed under the proper population group’s recommendation of minimal physical activity. It was found that the practice of physical activity, the number of compromised segments, the stage of the pathology, and the presence of cardiological and metabolic antecedents provide a statistically significant association with disability. Notable statistical difference among sex as a risk factor was not found. Regarding the BMI, the only differences were observed in the level of severity of the disease, regardless of the presence of any disability (p=0.006), evidencing that the greater the severity, the higher the BMI in both men and women. About physical activity, it is observed that inactivity or minimal practice of physical activity is a risk factor for referred disability (p<0.05), since it is prolonged that the non-practice of physical activity increases by 230% the chances of referring a disability associated to the disease compared to those people who referred to practice minimal or above minimal physical activity; the presence of a cardiological and/or metabolic history is related to an increase of about 150% to 180% of presenting disability compared to patients who do not have these pathologies. Conclusion: This study shows clinical and epidemiological features of phlebolymphedema and their relationship with the level of physical activity and reported disability of 90 patients. Further studies are needed to improve and broaden the understanding of the clinical characteristics of phlebolymphedema and its correlations.

2.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 38(1)mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386275

ABSTRACT

Resumen La enfermedad venosa crónica es un trastorno común que se manifiesta con una amplia gama de signos. En casos en los que la enfermedad adquiere gravedad se le denomina insuficiencia venosa crónica y esta puede llevar al desarrollo de una úlcera venosa. Un trauma directo o la erosión de una vena varicosa pueden llevar a una hemorragia que, aunado a enfermedades crónicas concomitantes, factores toxicológicos, sociales o primeros auxilios inadecuados pueden llevar a la muerte en pocos minutos y en un escenario del crimen que puede ser confuso a primera vista para el equipo forense. Se reporta un caso valorado en la Sección de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal del Poder Judicial de Costa Rica en el que se realizó una autopsia completa. Dentro de los hallazgos más importantes a nivel macróscopico se evidenció una úlcera cónica de características venosas en la pierna derecha en la cual, mediante la disección por planos y la inyección de colorante en la vena safena magna, se observó la salida de este por una vena varicosa relacionada con la úlcera.


Abstract Chronic venous disease is a common disorder that shows a large spectrum of signs. In cases in which the disease acquires severity it is named chronic venous insufficiency, and it can cause the development of a venous ulcer. Direct trauma to or erosion of a varicose vein can lead to a hemorrhage that, in combination with coexistent conditions, toxicologic or social factors, or inadequate first aid can produce death in few minutes and a crime scene which might be confusing at first sight to the forensics team. We present a case handled by the Forensic Pathology Section of the Department of Legal Medicine of the Judicial Power of Costa Rica in which a complete autopsy was performed. Among the most relevant macroscopic findings was evidence of a chronic ulcer with venous characteristics on the right leg, in which dissection by planes and dye injection into the great saphenous vein showed leakage of this dye out of a varicose vein related to the ulcer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Varicose Ulcer/complications , Death, Sudden , Costa Rica
3.
J. vasc. bras ; 20: e20200215, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287089

ABSTRACT

Resumo Contexto Na insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC), a veia safena parva (VSP) é afetada em 15% dos casos. A cirurgia convencional é a técnica padrão para o tratamento da insuficiência da VSP, sendo a lesão no nervo sural uma complicação bastante temida. O tratamento de termoablação com endolaser tende a ser um método cirúrgico que diminui complicações da terapia cirúrgica da IVC. Objetivos Avaliar os pacientes com IVC submetidos à terapia por endolaser da VSP ao menos 30 dias após o procedimento. Métodos Foram analisados 54 membros inferiores de 46 pacientes submetidos à terapia por endolaser 1470 nm, sob anestesia local, para o tratamento da IVC em um hospital terciário. Os pacientes foram avaliados no período pré-operatório, intraoperatório e pós-operatório de 30 dias, através da clínica, exame físico e achados ecográficos. Resultados Nos 54 membros inferiores submetidos ao tratamento, comparando-se o período pré-operatório e o 30º dia pós-operatório, houve diferença significativa (p < 0,003) na redução do diâmetro da VSP tratada (6,37 mm pré-operatório e 5,15 mm no 30º dia pós-operatório) (IC95% 4,58-5,72) e na melhora do escore de gravidade clínica venosa (VCSS) (média de 8,02 pré-operatório e 6,11 no 30º dia pós-operatório) (IC95% 5,01-7,21) (p < 0,02). Complicações pós-operatórias, como parestesia e flebite, estiveram presentes e foram diagnosticadas em cinco e três pacientes, respectivamente, sem significar alteração na qualidade de vida e nas atividades de rotina. Conclusões A técnica de termoablação com laser da VSP mostrou-se segura e eficaz na redução dos sintomas clínicos e na melhora da qualidade de vida.


Abstract Background The small saphenous vein (SSV) is affected in 15% of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) cases. Conventional surgery is the standard technique for treatment of SSV insufficiency, but sural nerve injury is a complication of great concern. Endovenous laser ablation is a surgical technique for treatment of CVI that is considered likely to reduce morbidity and mortality. Objectives To evaluate patients with CVI undergoing endovenous laser ablation of the SSV at least 30 days after the procedure. Methods We analyzed 54 lower extremities in 46 patients scheduled for 1470-nm endovenous laser ablation under local anesthesia to treat CVI in a tertiary hospital. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively over 30 days with clinical examination, physical examination, and ultrasound. Results In the 54 lower extremities treated, there was a significant difference (p < 0.003) in terms of reduction in the diameter of treated veins (6.37 mm preoperatively and 5.15 mm on the 30th postoperative day) and improvement in the venous clinical severity score (VCSS) (means of 8.02 preoperative and 6.11 on the 30th postoperative day) (95%CI, 5.01—7.21) (p < 0.02). Postoperative complications such as paresthesia and phlebitis were present and diagnosed in 5 and 3 patients, respectively, but did not affect their quality of life or routine activities. Conclusions Intravenous laser ablation of the SSV proved to be safe and effective for reducing clinical symptoms and improving quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Venous Insufficiency/surgery , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications , Saphenous Vein , Sural Nerve/injuries , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Lower Extremity , Laser Therapy/methods , Anesthesia, Local
4.
Chinese Journal of General Surgery ; (12): 502-505, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-755850

ABSTRACT

Objective To assess the impact of endovascular therapy on right non-thrombotic iliac vein compression lesions (NIVCL).Methods A retrospective analysis of 45 (including 18 cases of bilateral lesions) patients with right NIVCL who underwent endovascular treatment from Aug 2015 to Mar 2018 was performed.The average age of the patients was (62.3 ± 10.1) years,and the average history of the disease was (85.9 ± 15.2) months.Result The success rate of the technique was 100% (45/45).The cumulative remission rate of edema was 86.5% (32/37),and the healing rate of ulcer was 85.7% (18/ 21).After the operation,the varicose veins in 9 patients were significantly relieved during the follow-up period (9/29),and the average pain level,which was based on a visual analogue scale from 0-10,dropped from 4.1 ± 0.7 to 0.7 ± 0.6 (P < 0.05).Conclusions Endovascular treatment of right NIVCL has a good result.With a properly sized balloon,a stent that exceeds 20% of the diameter of the normal blood vessel,safely nchoring at both ends of the lesion and long term anticoagulant therapy.

5.
Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 120-126, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-961233

ABSTRACT

Introduction@#Chronic venous disease is an under-recognized condition which may result in significant morbidities with considerable costs. There is scarce data on chronic venous disease in the Philippines.@*Methods@#The National Nutrition and Health Survey II was conducted to determine the national prevalence of different risk factors and clinical conditions. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of chronic venous disease in adults aged 20 years and older using the Southern Tagalog Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (STVIQ).@*Results@#A total of 7,212 subjects, were randomly surveyed. Chronic venous disease has a crude overall prevalence rate of 52.5%, is frequently seen in females (60%) and with increasing age. About 38.6% of the population have typical venous symptoms but only 1.6% have edema, stasis pigmentation and healed venous ulcers. Prevalence of chronic venous disease is not related to urban residence and type of occupation.@*Conclusion@#Chronic venous disease in the Philippines is common, reported in approximately five out of 10 Filipinos, most of whom are asymptomatic.


Subject(s)
Varicose Veins , Prevalence , Asian , Philippines
6.
J. vasc. bras ; 18: e20180099, 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984686

ABSTRACT

There is considerable debate in the literature with relation to the best method to treat patients with chronic venous disease (CVD). CHIVA is an office-based treatment for varicose veins performed under local anesthesia. The aim of the technique is to lower transmural pressure in the superficial venous system and avoid destruction of veins. Recurrence of varicosities, nerve damage, bruising and suboptimal aesthetic results are common to all treatments for the disease. This paper evaluates and discusses the characteristics and results of the CHIVA technique. We conclude that CHIVA is a viable alternative to common procedures that is associated with less bruising, nerve damage, and recurrence than stripping saphenectomy. The main advantages are preservation of the saphenous vein, local anesthesia, low recurrence rates, low cost, low pain, and no nerve damage. The major disadvantages are the learning curve and the need to train the team in venous hemodynamics


Existe uma grande discussão na literatura sobre o tratamento da doença venosa crônica (DVC). A cura conservadora e hemodinâmica da insuficiência venosa em ambulatório (CHIVA) consiste no tratamento ambulatorial de varizes sob anestesia local. O objetivo da técnica é diminuir a pressão transmural no sistema venoso superficial para evitar a destruição das veias, incluindo as veias safenas. Recorrência de varizes, lesão de nervos, hematomas e resultado estético abaixo do ideal são uma constante em todos tratamentos de varizes. O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar e discutir a técnica CHIVA quanto a suas características e resultados. A CHIVA é uma alternativa válida frente aos outros procedimentos, apresentando menos hematomas, recorrência e lesão nervosa que a safenectomia. Preservação da veia safena, anestesia local, baixa taxa de recorrências, baixo custo, pouca dor e ausência de lesões nervosas são as principais vantagens. A longa curva de aprendizado para treinar a equipe em hemodinâmica venosa é a principal desvantagem


Subject(s)
Saphenous Vein , Venous Insufficiency/therapy , Varicose Veins , Cost-Benefit Analysis/methods , Ablation Techniques , Learning Curve , Ambulatory Care/methods , Hemodynamics
7.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 28(1): 89-94, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958512

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Assessment of Burden in Chronic Venous Disease questionnaire (ABC-V) is a valuable tool for assessing the impact that chronic venous disease (CVD) has on patients' quality of life (QL). There was a need for a translated and adapted version suitable for use in the Brazilian population. CVD is becoming a public health issue as the incidence and prevalence are high. The ABC-V can be used to collect information on patients' QL and thus the development of a Brazilian version that facilitates research into the CVD population. OBJECTIVE: To provide translation and cultural validation of the Assessment of Burden in Chronic-Venous Disease (ABC-V) questionnaire for the Portuguese language. METHODS: The ABC-V was translated into Portuguese by two bilingual translators working independently. The translators then created a consensus version, which was translated back into English by two native English speakers. Finally all the versions were analysed by a committee of with expertise in translation and the two cultures involved. The committee produced a draft Portuguese-language version which was tested in a pilot sample of between 30 and 40 people. The committee evaluated feedback from the pilot sample on the clarity and comprehensibility of the draft version RESULTS: The draft version was completed by 31 patients at the Chronic Venous Diseases Department of Padre Anchieta's Teaching Hospital. With the analysis of the questionnaires used in the pre-test, it is possible to observe that in English, unlike Portuguese, verbs are often used in the passive tense. It also emerged that there was a need to use more colloquial terms and expressions so that the question would be easier to understand, whilst preserving the meaning of the original items. Changing the tone of the questionnaire in this way should make it more suitable for use with people from a wide range of socioeconomic levels, especially those with lower social status and less education. Because the questions are qualitative rather than quantitative they are more open to interpretation and elicit more subjective responses. This creates an additional difficulty in adapting the questionnaire for the Brazilian cultural context. The data from pilot-testing of the draft version was used to develop a translated and culturally adapted version of the ABC-V. CONCLUSION: A translated and culturally adapted version of the ABC-V suitable for use in Brazil has been developed and can be used to evaluate changes in the QL of Brazilian patients with CVD.


INTRODUÇÃO: O questionário ABC-V (Assessment of Burden in Chronic Venous Disease) representa uma importante ferramenta na avaliação da carga que a Doença Venosa Crônica (DVC) inflige na qualidade de vida (QV) de seus portadores. No entanto, para que ele possa ser empregado no estudo da população brasileira, primeiramente deve ser submetido a um processo de tradução e adaptação. A DVC apresenta alta incidência e prevalência, se tornando uma questão relevante à saúde pública. Desta forma, o questionário ABC-V ao buscar avaliar a DVC e influência na QV dos pacientes, qualifica diferentes aspectos e cria um parâmetro para que essa população afetada possa ser melhor estudada. OBJETIVO: Prover tradução e validação cultural do questionário Assessment of Burden in Chronic-Venous Disease (ABC-V) para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODO: O questionário ABC-V passou por duas traduções independentes para o português, por dois tradutores bilíngües. Em seguida, os tradutores deram origem a uma versão consensual, que foi retrotraduzida por dois tradutores de língua nativa inglesa, sendo geradas as versões retro traduzidas. Posteriormente, todas as versões foram submetidas à análise por um comitê de profissionais especialistas em tradução e na cultura dos países da versão original e da brasileira, e os tradutores envolvidos. O comitê produziu a versão pré-final em português, para o pré-teste. Consequentemente, deu-se o teste da versão pré-final do questionário, sendo testado em um N entre 30 e 40 pessoas. Finalmente, o comitê anteriormente formado reavaliou todos os relatórios feitos durante o processo e analisou se houve dificuldade de entendimento do questionário por parte dos indivíduos nos quais foi aplicada a versão pré-final. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 31 pacientes na fase de Pré-teste no ambulatório de Doenças Venosas Crônicas do Hospital de Ensino Padre Anchieta. Com a análise dos questionários empregados no Pré teste, pode-se observar o fato de que na língua inglesa usam-se muito os verbos no tempo passivo, diferentemente do que acontece na língua portuguesa. Dessa forma percebeu-se a necessidade de usar termos e expressões mais coloquiais para que houvesse melhor compreensão das perguntas, porém sem alterar o sentido do autor e também para que sua intenção fosse mantida, principalmente para que o questionário possa ser adequado a diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, sobretudo àqueles com nível social e educacional mais baixo. Pelo fato de as perguntas não serem quantitativas e sim qualitativas, elas acabam dando maior abertura a interpretações diferentes e dependem da subjetividade de cada entrevistado, sendo relacionadas muito a "o que você pensa de", "como você percebe tal coisa", e isso também se apresentou como fator de dificuldade para realizarmos a adaptação do questionário à realidade da população brasileira. Com os resultados obtidos da fase de Pré Teste foi então elaborada a versão traduzida e adaptada culturalmente do questionário ABC-V. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário ABC-V foi amplamente traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para a língua portuguesa, estando apto para ser empregado no Brasil para avaliar a melhora da qualidade de vida em pacientes portadores de doença venosa crônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Translating , Venous Insufficiency , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
J. vasc. bras ; 15(4): 287-292, Oct.-Dec. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841391

ABSTRACT

Abstract Air plethysmography is a non-invasive test that can quantify venous reflux and obstruction by measuring volume changes in the leg. Its findings correlate with clinical and hemodynamic measures. It can quantitatively assess several components of venous hemodynamics: valvular reflux, calf muscle pump function, and venous obstruction. Although clinical uses of air plethysmography have been validated, it is used almost exclusively for medical research. Air plethysmography can be used to assess chronic venous disease, to evaluate improvement after venous surgery, to diagnose acute and past episodes of deep venous thrombosis, to evaluate compression stocking therapy, to study the physiological implications of high-heeled shoes in healthy women, and even to evaluate the probability of ulcer healing.


Resumo A pletismografia a ar é um método não invasivo que pode quantificar refluxo e obstrução venosa medindo alterações no volume das pernas. Seus achados se correlacionam com parâmetros clínicos e hemodinâmicos. Ela pode fornecer informações quantitativas dos diferentes componentes da hemodinâmica venosa: refluxo valvular, função de bomba muscular da panturrilha e obstrução venosa. Apesar de ter seu uso clínico validado, a pletismografia a ar é usada quase que exclusivamente para pesquisa. Ela pode ser usada para avaliar a doença venosa crônica, mensurar o ganho hemodinâmico após cirurgia venosa, diagnosticar trombose venosa profunda atual ou prévia, avaliar os efeitos da elastocompressão, estudar as implicações fisiológicas do uso de salto alto em mulheres e também avaliar a probabilidade de cura de uma úlcera venosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Venous Thrombosis/pathology , Chronic Disease , Plethysmography/classification
9.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 72(7)jul. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-771200

ABSTRACT

Chronic Venous Disorder (CVD) is a term used to represent all abnormal clinical changes that result from venous disease of the lower extremities, and that have a chronic pattern. This disease has a documented socioeconomic impact, involving a significant part of the western populations, and consuming 2-3% or more of societies? health budgets. This review of the literature focuses on diosmin, a benzopyrone phlebotonic, specifically mechanisms of action as well as preclinical and clinical evidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diosmin , Venous Insufficiency
10.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 84(2): 110-116, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-732015

ABSTRACT

El glucocáliz endotelial es una capa constituida por glucosaminoglicanos, proteoglicanos y glucoproteínas que cubre al endotelio en su cara luminal. La participación del deterioro del glucocáliz endotelial parece esencial en los pasos iniciales de la fisiopatología de la aterosclerosis, de las complicaciones microangiopáticas de la diabetes mellitus y de la enfermedad venosa crónica. Los factores de riesgo de la aterosclerosis como la hipercolesterolemia, la hiperglucemia, la inflamación, el exceso de sodio y las fuerzas de tensión alteradas causan deterioro del glucocáliz. Esto provoca disfunción endotelial y permite la filtración de lipoproteínas (LDL) y de leucocitos al espacio subendotelial, iniciando la formación de la placa de ateroma. En la diabetes el glucocáliz adelgazado, principalmente por estrés oxidativo, posibilita la filtración de proteínas (albuminuria) y el trastorno endotelial de la microangiopatía. La hipertensión venosa crónica altera las fuerzas de tensión y daña el glucocáliz, lo que permite la filtración de leucocitos a las partes más profundas de la pared venosa, iniciando la inflamación y el deterioro morfológico y funcional de las venas que lleva a la enfermedad venosa crónica. El tratamiento con glucosaminoglicanos (sulodexida) logra prevenir o revertir el daño al glucocáliz endotelial y algunas de sus consecuencias; es eficaz en la enfermedad venosa crónica, especialmente con úlceras venosas. También ha sido útil en aterosclerosis obliterante de miembros inferiores y en la nefropatía diabética con albuminuria.


Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer composed by glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins attached to the vascular endothelial luminal surface. Shredding of glycocalyx appears as an essential initial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus, as well as in chronic venous disease. Atherosclerosis risk factors, as hypercholesterolemia (LDL), hyperglycemia, inflammation, salt excess and altered shear stress can damage glycocalyx. This lead to endothelial dysfunction and allows LDL and leukocytes to filtrate to the subendothelial space initiating atheroma plaque formation. Degradation of glycocalyx in diabetes mellitus is mainly due to oxidative stress and enables protein filtration (albuminuria) and endothelial disorder of microangiopathy. Chronic venous hypertension brings to altered shears stress which results in shredded glycocalyx, this allows leukocytes to migrate into venous wall and initiate inflammation leading to morphologic and functional venous changes of the chronic venous disease. Treatment with glycosaminoglycans (sulodexide) prevents or recovers the damaged glycocalyx and several of its consequences. This drug improves chronic venous disease and promotes healing of chronic venous ulcers. It has also been useful in peripheral arterial obstructive disease and in diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology , Endothelium, Vascular , Glycocalyx/physiology , Vascular Diseases/etiology , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Chronic Disease , Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy , Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry , Glycocalyx/chemistry , Glycocalyx/drug effects , Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use , Vascular Diseases/drug therapy , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Venous Pressure/physiology
11.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 83(4): 303-312, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703020

ABSTRACT

El glucocáliz endotelial es una capa constituida por glucosaminoglicanos, proteoglicanos y glucoproteínas que cubre al endotelio vascular en su cara luminal. Tiene múltiples funciones: transducción de las fuerzas mecánicas de tensión, regulación de la permeabilidad vascular de líquidos y moléculas y de la activación de la coagulación y de la fibrinólisis, protege de la adhesión de leucocitos y plaquetas al endotelio. En general, el glucocáliz protege a la pared vascular de ataques patogénicos. La lesión del glucocáliz puede ocurrir por fuerzas de tensión anormales, especies reactivas de oxígeno, hipernatremia, hiperglucemia, hipercolesterolemia y moléculas inflamatorias, lo que causa disfunción endotelial, incremento en la permeabilidad, filtración de lipoproteínas al subendotelio, activación de la coagulación e incremento de la adherencia de leucocitos y plaquetas al endotelio vascular. La participación del deterioro del glucocáliz endotelial puede ser importante en la fisiopatología de diversas enfermedades vasculares.


Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer composed by glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins attached to the vascular endothelial luminal surface. It has several physiological roles: shear stress mechanotransduction to the endothelial cells, regulation of fluids and macromolecules vascular permeability, of coagulation cascade activation and fibrinolysis, and protects the endothelium from platelets and leukocytes adhesion. In general, glycocalyx protects vascular wall against pathogenic insults. The glycocalyx may be damaged by abnormal shear stress, reactive oxygen species, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and inflammatory molecules, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, enhanced vascular permeability, lipoproteins leakage to subendothelial space, activation of plasma coagulation, and increased adherence of platelets and leukocytes to the endothelial cells. Shredding of glycocalyx appears as an important initial step in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endothelium, Vascular , Glycocalyx/physiology , Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure , Glycocalyx/ultrastructure , Metabolic Diseases/etiology , Vascular Diseases/etiology
12.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 68(4)abr. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594880

ABSTRACT

A doença venosa crônica (DVC) se caracteriza pelo conjunto das manifestações clínicas decorrentes dos efeitos da hipertensão venosa de longa duração. Abrange tanto as varizes primárias quanto as secundárias em seus diferentes estágios.Seus principais fatores de risco, assim como os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos, ainda não foram totalmente elucidados. Sabe-se que as principais consequências da hipertensão venosa crônica ocorrem na microcirculação, levando ao aparecimento de edema, alterações tróficas da derme como a hiperpigmentação, eczema, lipodermatoesclerose e atrofia branca, culminando com o surgimento da úlcera venosa.O tratamento irá depender do grau de acometimento e da fase evolutiva da doença. O tratamento compressivo, a escleroterapia e o tratamento cirúrgico são procedimentos bem difundidos. Novas técnicas como a termoablação de safenas e a espuma densa ecoguiada estão desenvolvendo-se com bons resultados.No entanto, o uso de medicamentos específicos para o tratamento da doença venosa crônica, denominados de flebotônicos ou medicamentos venoativos, apesar de sua eficácia comprovada com melhora dos sintomas e redução do edema, ainda são motivos de controvérsias, abrangendo um grande número de compostos cujos efeitos específicos ainda necessitam de melhor elucidação.

13.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 67(1/2)jan.-fev. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545209

ABSTRACT

Contexto: No tratamento clínico da doença venosa crônica medicamentos são utilizados com duas doses diárias, dificultando a adesão ao tratamento. A utilização de uma única dose em forma de sachê minimizaria este obstáculo. Objetivos: Comparar eficácia no tratamento e a segurança de três formulações distintas, duas de 450 mg de diosmina/50 mg de hesperidina (Daflon 500®, Diosmin® comprimidos) e uma de 900 mg de diosmina/100 mg de hesperidina (Diosmin 1g sachê). Método: Foram incluídos 94 pacientes com varizes de membros inferiores, dor e/ou edema de membros inferiores característicos de doença venosa crônica (CEAP 2 ou 3). Atribuímos uma nota a dor, utilizando Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e medimos a circunferência das pernas. sendo os pacientes randomizados em três grupos de tratamentos:Grupo A: 31 com Daflon 500®, um comprimido tomado duas vezes ao dia Grupo B: 31 com Diosmin 500®, um comprimido tomado duas vezes ao dia e Grupo C: 32 com Diosmin 1 g sachê, um sachê ao dia. Reavaliados após 14 dias para coleta dos dados. Resultados: Na avaliação da dor pela EVA na pior perna foi encontrada variação estatisticamente significante nos três grupos de estudo (p < 0,001), com reduções significantes nas pontuações. Quanto à comparação entre os grupos quanto à média de redução na EVA e à média de redução na medida da circunferência da pior perna avaliada não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os três medicamentos avaliados foram semelhantes em eficácia e segurança.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diosmin/therapeutic use , Hesperidin/therapeutic use , Venous Insufficiency/diagnosis , Venous Insufficiency/pathology , Venous Insufficiency/drug therapy , Venous Insufficiency/therapy , Treatment Outcome
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